Happenstance Learning Theory: This is the most recent career development
theory by John Krumboltz --- stated it “is an attempt to explain how and why
individuals follow different paths through life and to describe how counselors
can facilitate that process.”
Based this theory on the works of Bandura, Betsworth and
Hansen, and Cabral and Salomone.
Nine factors that influence individuals’ behavior:
1.
Genetics
2.
Learning experiences
3.
Instrumental learning experiences
4.
Associate learning experiences
5.
Environmental conditions and events
6.
Parents and caretakers
7.
Peer groups
8.
Structured educational settings
9.
Imperfect world
Four fundamental propositions that undergird the HLT
Proposition 1: The goal of career counseling is to help
clients learn to take actions to achieve more satisfying career and personal
lives – not to make a single career decision.
Proposition 2: Career Assessments are used to stimulate
learning, not to match personal characteristics with occupational
characteristics.
Proposition 3: Clients learn to engage in exploratory
actions as a way of generating beneficial unplanned events.
Proposition 4: The success of counseling is assessed by what
the client accomplishes in the real world outside the counseling session.
Five actions to take when you use HLT with clients:
1. Orient client expectations and help them
understand that any possible anxiety they may have is normal.
2. Identify the clients’ concerns as a starting
point.
3. Use clients’ successful past experiences with planned
events as a basis of current actions and ask them to describe how unplanned
events may have influenced their behavior.
4. Sensitize clients to recognize potential opportunities
and help them reframe unplanned events into positive opportunities.
5. Help clients overcome blocks to action by using
such leads as “What is stopping you from taking action?” and “What can you do
now to take action to reach your goal?”
Video on Krumboltz:
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